Tumors of the synovium are called synoviomas. The synovium also acts as a sensory organ and sends pain signals to the brain when injured. A small number of cells are present in the synovium they include fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and immune cells. It produces a liquid called synovial fluid that keeps the joints lubricated and allows them to move easily. The synovium is a membrane that covers all joint surfaces except where bone meets bone. The word "synovial" comes from two Greek words meaning "within" and "joint." These are the only joints that produce blood vessels all other joints are drained by lymph nodes. They can move through a wide range of motion: from 0 to 180 degrees for the shoulder, 100% of hip movement, and 120 degrees for the knee. Synovial joints (diarthroses) are the body's most mobile joints and contain synovial fluid. What are the most mobile joints in the body? As we will learn later, birds and reptiles lose their cartilaginous joints during maturation because they grow further into their skeletons with bone rather than out. However, while cartilage does provide some cushioning and lubrication, it doesn't do so well with stress loads over time. You may have also heard that animals don't need these movable joints because they use cartilage instead. ![]() That is why you see many different types of limbs in the natural world: some are used for walking, others for running, and still others for climbing or digging. Animals with more sophisticated brains than ours have figured out how to improve on nature's design by adding movement to their limbs via muscle and bone. Without them, we would be unable to walk, run, or even crawl. Movable joints are very important in allowing animals to adapt to their environment by moving themselves around. The word "synovium" means "joint lining." Thus, a synovial joint has a lining of tissue that can move over time causing friction and causing damage to itself. This is because synovial fluid, a viscous fluid that fills the area between the bones and cushions the joint, is present (see Figure below). The coxal joint is an articulation formed by: the head of the femur and the acetabulum.Synovial joints are another name for movable joints. The shoulder and hip joints are similar because they are both: ball-and-socket joints. multiaxial joint Where is a condylar joint found? metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers 2-5 What are the two articulations present in the elbow joint? humeroulnar joint and the humeroradial joint In the knee joint, the medial meniscus is: fibrocartilage. hinge joint The hip joint is an example of a _. ![]() ![]() shoulder joint The elbow joint is an example of a _. ball-and-socket joint The glenoid cavity is the socket of the _. uniaxial joint Classify the shoulder joint. dorsiflexion What type of joint allows motion around only one axis? uniaxial Which type of angular movement moves a body part away from the midline of the body or another reference point? abduction What movement decreases the angle between the foot and tibia as the toes are pulled up toward the head? dorisflexion Classify the elbow, which acts like a hinge and allows motion in only one perpendicular plane. What is this movement called? adduction What is this movement called? Which statement best describes a bursa? A bursa is a synovial fluid-filled structure lined with synovial membrane on its inner surface.
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